Implement Sqrt function using binary search - The Coding Shala

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Implement Sqrt function using binary search

In this post, you will learn how to find the square root of a given number using the binary search algorithm. In java, the sqrt() function is already available to find square root for a number but in this post, we are going to implement sqrt() function using binary search.

Compute and return the square root of x, where x is guaranteed to be a non-negative integer. Since the return type is an integer, the decimal digits are truncated and only the integer part of the result is returned.
Example 1:
Input: 4
Output: 2

Example 2:
Input: 8
Output: 2
Explanation: The square root of 8 is 2.82842..., and since the decimal part is truncated, 2 is returned.

Sqrt function in Java

We can do this using a binary search. If we check one by one until reaching the target we might get time limit error for large numbers.
Java Program: 

class Solution {
    public int mySqrt(int x) {
        if(x==1) return 1;
        int left = 1;
        int right = x/2;
        while(left<=right){
            int mid = left + (right-left)/2;
            if((long)mid*mid == (long)x) return mid;
            if((long)mid*mid > (long)x) right = mid-1;
            else left = mid+1;
        }
        return left-1;
    }
}


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